← Chemistry F4–F6

MetalBondLab

Interactive Metallic Lattice Suite

Drude Model & Lattice Dynamics

Metallic Conduction & Lattice Vibration Simulator

Electrons experience rapid, high-speed thermal motion (vth) and scatter off vibrating lattice ions. An electric field superimposes a slow net Drift Velocity (vd) towards the positive terminal.

Circuit & Field Controls

Applied Voltage (Potential Diff.) 0 V
Temperature (Lattice Vibration) 300 K
Drude Physics Readouts
Lattice Ions: 12 ions
Delocalized Electrons: 12 delocalized e⁻
Ion : e⁻ Ratio: 1 : 1
Net Drift Velocity (vd): 0.00 px/s
Avg Thermal Speed (vth): 1.80 px/s
Scattering Cross-section: Small
Relative Resistance (R): Normal
Formula: vd = (e · E · τ) / m* where τ decreases with higher temperature T.
− Negative Terminal (High V-)
Circuit: OPEN (vd = 0)
Positive Terminal (Low V+) +
Lattice Ion (Vibrating)
Delocalized e- (Scattering)
Net Drift Vector (vd)
* Electrons collide with vibrating cations & cannot penetrate them

Sodium (Na)

Group I

• Electronic config: 2,8,1.
• Each Na atom donates 1 valence electron to form a Na+ cation and delocalized electron sea.
• Cation : delocalized electron ratio is 1 : 1.
• Lowest delocalized electron density among the three metals.

Magnesium (Mg)

Group II

• Electronic config: 2,8,2.
• Each Mg atom donates 2 valence electrons to form a Mg2+ cation.
• Cation : delocalized electron ratio is 1 : 2.
• Higher delocalized electron concentration & electrical conductivity.

Aluminium (Al)

Group III

• Electronic config: 2,8,3.
• Each Al atom donates 3 valence electrons to form an Al3+ cation.
• Cation : delocalized electron ratio is 1 : 3.
• Highest delocalized electron concentration and electrical conductivity!