- Write the cation charge on the left and anion charge on the right.
- Omit + and - signs. Cross charge numbers to opposite subscripts.
- Simplify the ratio to lowest whole integers if necessary.
- If a polyatomic ion requires a subscript > 1, enclose it in brackets ( ).
Example 1: Polyatomic Ion with Brackets
iron(III) sulphate: Fe3+ + SO42-
Swap charge values (3 & 2) → Subscript ratio 2:3
Fe2(SO4)3 (iron(III) sulphate)
Example 2: Monatomic Ion Ratio
sodium oxide: Na+ + O2-
Swap charge values (1 & 2) → Subscript ratio 2:1
Na2O (sodium oxide)
Example 3: 1:1 Ratio Polyatomic Ion
potassium hydroxide: K+ + OH-
Charge magnitude 1:1 → No brackets required for subscript 1
KOH (potassium hydroxide)